Coerced Debt Study
Study Overview
Project Dates
September 1, 2019 – Present
Stage of Project
Dissemination
“Coerced debt” is an important but understudied form of intimate partner violence (IPV). It occurs when abusers in intimate relationships use fraud or coercion to generate debt in their partners’ names. For example, abusers may fraudulently incur car loans in their partners’ names or force them to make credit card purchases. Preliminary evidence suggests that coerced debt is a common problem with damaging effects on the lives of women with abusive partners. It can burden victims with hundreds or thousands of dollars in debt and damage their credit ratings, thus creating barriers to employment, housing, and utility services. These debts and barriers may be associated with long-term economic harm in large part because victims of coerced debt have difficulty attaining effective help from the two relevant legal systems: divorce law and debtor-creditor law. Despite these potential impacts of coerced debt, the research remains in its infancy. This project will be the first in-depth study of coerced debt. It will address fundamental questions about how coerced debt operates in abusive relationships, how victims seek and attain legal help for coerced debt, and coerced debt’s effects on women’s recovery from an abusive relationship.
Description of Methods
This study used a sequential mixed-method longitudinal design to collect data from a sample of women recently divorced from an abusive partner. The researchers used public divorce records to recruit a sample of 188 women in Texas, 126 women with coerced debt and a comparison group of 62 without.
The researchers collected quantitative data through a self-administered online survey and telephone interviews with the full sample. They identified instances of coerced debt with an assessment tool used in conjunction with participants’ credit reports as well as a tested methodology (life history calendar) to aid in the recall of focal experiences.
The quantitative data was used to investigate:
1) the types and amounts of coerced debt incurred in victims’ names, tactics abuser use to incur it, and how victims learn of fraud;
2) differences between abusive relationships with and without coerced debt;
3) the extent to which help for coerced debt is available, accessible, and acceptable through divorce and debtor-creditor law; and
4) the extent of coerced debt’s effects on women’s credit scores in the months after divorce.
Additionally, the researchers conducted in-depth face-to-face qualitative interviews with a subsample of 38 women, 27 with coerced debt and 11 without.
The qualitative data was used to gain a deeper, more nuanced understanding of how victims of coerced debt experience it in the broader context of abuse, facilitators of and barriers to attaining help through the divorce system, and the process by which coerced debt shapes victims’ lives.
Research Team
PIs
Adrienne E. Adams, PhD
Adrienne Adams, Ph.D. is an associate professor in the Department of Psychology and a member of the Research Consortium on Gender-based Violence at Michigan State University.
Co-PIs
Angie Kennedy, PhD
Angie Kennedy is an Associate Professor and the Associate Director for Research in the School of Social Work at Michigan State University. She is also a member of the Research Consortium on Gender-based Violence and a Faculty Fellow with MSU’s Center for Gender in Global Context.
Angela Littwin, J.D.
Angela Littwin is the Ronald D. Krist Professor of Law at the University of Texas, Austin. Her research focuses on the effects of bankruptcy, consumer, and commercial law on financially-distressed consumers, ranging from people being sued by debt collectors to women experiencing intimate partner violence.
Research Assistants
Elizabeth (Betsy) Meier, MSU
Jessica Saba, MSU
Lauren Vollinger, MSU
Monica Navarro-Jimenez, UT-Austin
Wilmarie Rios Jaime, UT-Austin
Daisy Trejo-Morales, UT-Austin
Funders and Community Partners
Project Timeline
Project Planning and Set Up
October 2019 – June 2020
Data Collection
July 2020 – December 2021
Data Preparation and Analysis
September 2021 – June 2023
Dissemination of Findings
May 2023 forward